Abstract: The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) is a complex logistical challenge that requires optimizing both route planning and charging decisions. Although ant colony optimization (ACO) has ...

Abstract: VANET is crucial for the progress of smart city transportation, allowing immediate communication between vehicles. However, the dynamic and fast-changing nature of VANETs presents ...

Porcupy implements the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO), a nature-inspired metaheuristic that mimics porcupine defense mechanisms for optimization. It offers both object-oriented and procedural ...