Abstract: This paper presents the development of a Arduino based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) temperature control system using an Arduino UNO, R-type thermocouple, and solid-state relay (SSR ...

The PID controller relies on three main parameters: Proportional (P), Integral (I), and Derivative (D). These parameters are adjusted to precisely guide the car based on sensor-detected track ...

Low-code and modular programming environments are transforming PLC programming, with vendors providing pre-packaged libraries and objects that eliminate traditional IEC-61131-3 style coding, allowing ...

While faulting some towers for inefficient practices, the report recognized significant external factors and called on Congress to help address the problem. By Karoun Demirjian Reporting from ...

This year I am helping us laugh and possibly learn by making one of my humorous books available to download for free in this year’s first six columns. The fourth book is Logical Thoughts at 4:00 am.

In a previous article by the authors, “Deadtime compensation opportunities and realities,” evidence showed how simple implementation of deadtime compensation improves loop performance over and above ...

Friction stir welding (FSW) offers significant advantages over fusion welding, particularly for high-strength alloys like Inconel 718. However, achieving optimal surface quality in Inconel 718 FSW ...

Hiwonder’s MechDog is a compact AI robot dog powered by an ESP32-S3 controller that drives eight high-speed coreless servos. It features built-in inverse kinematics for precise and agile movements and ...

The performance of the robotic manipulator is negatively impacted by outside disturbances and uncertain parameters. The system’s variables are also highly coupled, complex, and nonlinear, indicating ...