This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Background and Aims Organisms often balance among reproduction, growth and survival. When these processes are in competition, selection may ...

Recently I wrote about ferns and their normal way of reproducing by making microscopically small spores, invisible to the naked eye. But some ferns reproduce by cloning themselves, just as many ...

Humans have it easy. For ferns, reproduction is much more involved. In many animals, the sex of offspring is, biologically speaking, decided between the parents. But for Japanese climbing ferns ...

Chris Haufler is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Kansas. He researches plant biology, including the genetics of ferns. (AP PHOTO/Sara Shepherd/Lawrence ...

“Ferns are ancient, 400 million years old or so,” said ecologist Lisa Lofland Gould, secretary of the North Carolina Native Plant Society Board and member of the Piedmont Land Conservancy. “They ...

A woodland fern in France developed from two plants from separate species which diverged 60 million years in the past. Genetic analysis revealed the heritage of the vegetative life form. Normally, ...

Did you give or receive flowers for St. Valentine’s Day? Though not a flower, your commercial floral arrangement may have included our local native sword fern. Ferns were considered magic for a long ...

When you see potted ferns adorning a terrace or wild ferns gracing a woodland path, it's hard to imagine that they represent some of the world's most ancient plants. Fossil findings indicate that ...